Guia d'aprenentatge ràpid a l'inkscape

Aquesta guia d'aprenentatge és per artistes o aficionats que ja estan familiaritzats en l'ús de programes de dibuix vectorial i volen provar l'Inkscape. Fins i tot si no encaixeu a aquesta definició, segur que el curs també pot ser-vos útil.

Desitgem ser una bona referència ràpida per ajudar als usuaris a superar l'obstacle que suposa aprendre una aplicació diferent, mostrant algunes de les diferències amb altres aplicacions més comuns de dibuix vectorial tot mostrant-los les característiques més atractives de l'inkscape.

Algunes funcion simples o obvies no s'han descrit al curs. Per tal de conèixer totes les possibilitats de l'Inkscape visiteu http://tavmjong.free.fr/INKSCAPE/.

La majoria de casos només anomenem les dreceres de teclat per accedir a les funcions, però algunes d'aquestes també es troben fàcilment a menús o caixes d'eines.

Continguts

1. La finestra d'Inkscape
2. D'Ilustrator a Inkscape - diccionari de termes
3. Treballant amb camins
   1. Dibuixant un camí
      1. Creant un camí
      2. Acabar un camí
      3. Cancel·lar un camí
   2. Editar un camí
      1. Afegir un node
      2. Eliminar un node
      3. Dividir / separar un node
      4. Combinar / unir nodes
      5. Continuar / afegir en un camí obert
      6. Eliminar un segment
      7. Unir nodes amb un nou segment
      8. Canviar el tipus de node
4. Treballant amb objectes
   1. Selecting objects
   2. Selecting an obscured object
   3. Resizing & rotating an object
   4. Ordering objects
   5. Duplicating objects
   6. Cloning Objects
5. Treballant amb grups
   1. Grouping & Ungrouping
   2. Selecting objects within a group
   3. Add objects to a group
6. Treballant amb mascares i retalls
   1. Defining a Clip or Mask
   2. Clip / Mask multiple objects
   3. Edit objects in a clip / mask
   4. Add objects to a clip / mask
   5. Edit the clipping / masking object
7. Treballant amb capes
   1. Moving objects between layers
8. Treballant amb degradats
   1. Creating a gradient
   2. Applying an already defined gradient
   3. Position / transform a gradient
   4. Reversing a gradient
   5. Repeating gradient
   6. Asymmetric radial gradient
9. Conclusions i drets d'autor

La finestra de Inkscape

Note that the Barra de control de l'eina will display icons specific to the tool you have selected.

D'Illustrator a Inkscape - Diccionari de termes

Per aquells de vosaltres que sou familiaritzats amb l'Adobe Illustrator, aqui us mostro una guia breu dels termes i noms d'eines en Illustrator i el seu equivalent en l'Inkscape.

Illustrator		Inkscape
	Anchor		Node (suavitzat)
	Handle		Nansa
	Anchor (corner)		Node (angle)
	Selection Tool (V)		Eina de selecció (S)
	Direct Selection Tool (A)		Eina d'edició de nodes o nanses(N)
	Pen Tool (P)		Eina de dibuix de corves de Bezier (B)
	Pencil Tool (N)		Eina de dibuix a ma alçada(P)
	Live Trace		Vectoritza un mapa de bits

Treballant amb camins

Dibuixant un camí

Els camins es dibuixen utilitzant o bé l'eina de Eina de dibuix de corbes de Bezier o bé la de dibuix a ma alçada .
A menys que que tingui una tauleta de dibuix, sempre li serà més fàcil utilitzar el Eina de dibuix de corbes de Bezier.

Creant un camí

Eina :

Col·loqueu el camí amb l'eina de dibuix de corves de Bezier simplement pitjant a cada lloc on vulgui col·locar un node. Si feu un clic simple amb el botó esquerra del ratolí, creareu un node punxegut i arrosegant el ratolí en creareu un d'arrodonit.

A mida que aneu dibuixant l'inkscape us mostrarà els segments que ja heu col·locat de color verd i els encara inacabats de color vermell. Per desfer el darrer segment premeu Esborrar o Supr.

Acabar un camí:

Eina :

Segment finalitzat fent doble clic

Segment finalitzat usant Enter o el botó dret del ratolí

Fent doble clic acabarem el camí afegint-hi el darrer segment (vermell) mentre que prement Enter o el botó dret del ratolí finalitzarà el camí descartant el segment inacabat. Fent clic o arrossegant el ratolí al punt inicial crearà un camí tancat.

Cancel·lar un camí -

Prement Esc o Ctrl + Z cancel·larem tot el camí.

Editar un camí

Afegir un node:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

Fem doble clic o Ctrl + Alt + clic damunt d'un segment per afegir-hi un node en aquest punt.

Eliminar un node:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

Delete attempts to preserve the shape by adjusting the adjacent node handles.

Ctrl + Delete does not preserve the shape.

Ctrl + Alt + clic damunt d'un node per eliminar-lo o be seleccionant el node i prement Supr o Esborrar. Amb qualsevol d'aquestes opcions l'inkscape modificarà els altres nodes per tal d'intentar preservar el la forma del camí. Si no voleu que ho faci premeu en el seu lloc Ctrl + Supr o Ctrl + Esborrar.

Split / break node:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

It may not be obvious you've split a node until you move one.

Select the node and press Shift+B to split or break it into two nodes.

Combine / join nodes:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

Select two end nodes and press Shift+J to combine them into one node.

Continue / append an open path:

Eina :

Select the path and start drawing from one of the end nodes with the Pen Tool.

Delete a segment:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

Select the segment, or the two nodes at either end of the segment, and press the button to delete it.

Join nodes with a new segment:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control:

Select the two end nodes and press the button to create a segment between them.

Change node type:

Eina :
Eina a la barra de control: , ,

A smooth node is indicated by a square whilst a cusp node uses a diamond.

Press Shift+C to make a cusp node. Press Shift+S to make a smooth node. Press Ctrl+Delete to make a smooth node with symmetrical handle lengths. Alternatively you can Ctrl+Click the node to toggle through each node type.

Working with Objects

For clarification, an object is a general term to describe all shapes that make up a drawing. Text, shapes, paths, anything drawn, is an object. This includes groups of objects.

Selecting objects:

Eina :

Unlike applications like Adobe Illustrator and some other graphics applications, Inkscape does not provide a view of how all your objects are stacked in a drawing. You can only select objects from within the canvas area with the Selector tool.

Selecting an obscured object:

Eina :

Sometimes you can't select an object because another object is above it. You can cycle through the selection of objects by pressing Tab or you can Alt+Click to cycle through selecting just the objects below the mouse cursor.

Resizing & rotating an object:

Eina :

Select an object to show its transform handles. Click the object again to toggle rotation handles for the object.

Ordering Objects:

Eina :

To raise or lower an objects order press Page Up or Page Down respectively. To raise or lower an object to the very top or very bottom press Home or End respectively.

Duplicating Objects:

Eina :

Press Ctrl + D to duplicate an object. This is similar to copying and pasting an object except it's position is the same as the original.

Cloning Objects:

Eina :

To clone a object press Alt + D. Cloning is similar to duplicating except the clone maintains a link to the original so when you edit the original object the changes will be reflected in clone/s also. To select the original object whilst a clone is selected press Shift + D. You can unlink a clone from the original by pressing Shift + Alt + D whilst the clone is selected.

Working with Groups

Groups are a way of grouping multiple objects into a new object that can be treated the same as a regular object. Even after grouping, individual objects within the group can still be edited.

Grouping & Ungrouping:

Eina :

To group multiple objects press Ctrl + G and press Ctrl + U to ungroup.

Selecting objects within a group:

Eina :

To select an object within a group Ctrl+Click. Use Ctrl+Alt+Click to select obscured objects in a group. This is true for clips and masks as well. Alternatively, you can enter a group by pressing Ctrl+Enter or double-clicking and then select the objects as normal. To break out of the group, press Ctrl+Backspace or select an object outside of the group.

Add objects to a group:

Eina :

Press Ctrl + Enter or double-click to enter the group then draw or paste the new object to include.

Working with Clips & Masks

Clips and Masks are used to restrict what parts of an object are visible. The shape of the object used as a clip defines the area that is visible whilst the transparency or lightness of an object used as a mask determines the area that is visible.

Defining a Clip or Mask:

Eina :

Select two object and make sure the top most object is the object you want to use as the clip/mask. Select Set for either Clip or Mask under the Object menu.

Clip / Mask multiple objects:

Eina :

If you select three objects and set a clip / mask where the top object is used as the clipping / masking object you'll end up with two separate clipped / masked objects. If you want to clip / mask multiple object, group the objects first.

Edit objects in a clip / mask:

Eina :

Double-click a clip / mask to enter it and you will then be able to select and edit the objects in it. If you are clipping / masking a group you will also be able to use Ctrl + Enter.

Add objects to a clip / mask:

Eina :

You will only be able to add objects to a clip / mask if you are clipping / masking a group. Double-click or Ctrl + Enter to enter the clipped / masked group then draw or paste the new object to include.

Edit the clipping / masking object:

Eina :

To edit a clipping or masking object you will need to release the mask (Object > Clip or Mask > Release). The only way to edit a clipping / masking object without releasing it is if the clipping / masking object is a cloned object and you edit the original.

 

Working with Layers

Layers work much the same as layers on other applications and the can be re-ordered, visibility toggled and locked from editing using the Layers palette or the Layer Information in the Status Bar.

Moving objects between layers:

Eina :

To move an object to the layer above or below press Shift + Page Up or Shift + Page Down respectively.

Working with Gradients

Creating a gradient:

Eina :

Defining a gradient is pretty straight forward. Simply select an object, use the Gradient Tool to lay a new gradient then click the Edit button on the Tool Control bar to open the Gradient Editor where you can edit the gradient.

Applying an already defined gradient:

Eina :

Inkscape encourages you to re-use the same gradient on multiple objects. To apply a gradient already used by another object, select the object then the Gradient Tool and select the gradient from the drop-down list on the Tool Control bar. Alternative, copy an object that uses the gradient (Ctrl + C) then paste the style on the target object (Ctrl + Shift + Z), but note this will copy all styles associated with the source object including the position of the gradient.

Note: When you edit a gradient the changes will be reflected in all objects that use it. You can duplicate a gradient to make subtle changes for a specific object.

Position / transform a gradient:

Eina : or

Using either the Gradient Tool or the Node Tool you can easily position and transform a linear and radial gradient by grabbing its handles on the Inkscape canvas.

Reversing a gradient:

Eina :

Press Shift + R to reverse a gradient. Note that if the gradient is used on other objects it will be duplicated so it doesn't effect those objects.

Repeating gradient:

On the Fill and Stroke palette, select the repeat mode (reflected or direct) for the gradient on the selected object from the drop-down list.

Asymmetric radial gradient:

Eina : or

You can modify the centre position of a radial gradient to make it asymmetric by Shift + drag the centre handle.

Conclusion and Copyright

I hope you found this this guide useful.

Note that the images of the ladies were digitally inked and coloured by myself using Inkscape, based off pencils provided by King-Cheetah (http://king-cheetah.deviantart.com/) and renecordova (http://renecordova.deviantart.com/) respectively.

You can leave comments about this guide on my blog or at DeviantArt.